Nero Lens
Lens (German Linse, from Lat. Lens – lentils) – usually – a disc of transparent homogeneous material bounded by two polished spherical or flat and spherical surfaces, although, at present, are increasingly being applied and so-called. "Aspheric lens, the shape of the surface differs from that of the sphere. As lens material, most commonly used glass, at least – an optically transparent plastics and other materials. Contact information is here: Laurent Potdevin. Sometimes referred to as lenses and other optical instruments, which, although they do not possess these external characteristics, but also create a similar visual effect. For example, a flat "lenses" made of a material with a variable coefficient of refraction, changing depending on the distance from the center, or a Fresnel lens (zone plate), using the phenomenon of diffraction. History The first mention of the lenses can be found in the ancient Greek play by Aristophanes' Clouds (424 bc. Er.), Where using a convex glass and sunlight to make fire.
From the works of Pliny the Elder (23 – 79) that this way of kindling the fire was known in the Roman Empire – there is also described, perhaps the first time that lenses for vision correction – it is known that Nero watched gladiator fights through an emerald concave to correct nearsightedness. Seneca (3 bc. Er. – 65) described the magnifying effect that gives the glass bowl filled with water. Arabic mathematician Alhazen (965-1038) wrote the first major treatise on optics that describes how the lens of the eye creates an image on the retina. Lenses have been widely use only with the advent of points about the 1280-ies in Italy. Characteristics of lenses, depending on the forms are distinguished collective (positive) and scattering (negative) lenses. The group collecting lenses are usually related to the lens, which mean the bulk of their edges, and the group scattering – the lens, the edges are thicker than the middle.
It should be noted that this is true only if the refractive index of the lens material is greater than that of the environment. If the refractive index of the lens is less, the situation will feedback. For example an air bubble in water – biconvex diverging lens. Lenses are in general, its optical power (measured in diopters), or the focal length and aperture. To construct optical devices with the corrected optical aberrations (primarily – Chromatic due to dispersion of light – and achromats apochromat) and other important properties of the lenses / of their materials, such as refractive index, koffitsient dispersion, transmittance of the material in a selected optical wavelengths. Sometimes the lens / lens optical system (refractors) are calculated specifically for use in environments with relatively high refractive index (see immersion microscope immersion fluid). Types of lenses: Collective: 1 – biconvex, 2 – plane-convex, 3 – a concave-convex; scattering: 4 – biconcave, 5 – a plane-concave, 6 – convex-concave.